Working Memory

Difficulty holding information in mind whilst performing a complex task e.g. following multi-step instructions.

  • Ensure the learner’s attention before giving instructions or key information. This increases the chance that the learner will retain and act on what is said. 

  • Provide additional processing time. This allows the learner to absorb and understand information before responding. 

  • Minimise distractions through classroom management (e.g., seating plans, low-sensory displays). This helps the learner maintain focus and reduces cognitive overload. 

  • Use task boards or ICT tools to list steps and support self-reminders. This helps the learner stay organised and independent. 

  • Chunk key information into manageable steps. This makes tasks less overwhelming and easier to follow. 

  • Support the learner in writing or recording reminders. This reinforces memory and encourages self-monitoring. 

  • Help the learner understand the benefits of recalling instructions. This builds motivation and awareness of learning strategies. 

  • Ensure key information is easily accessible. This supports reference and reduces reliance on memory alone. 

  • Remind the learner of learning objectives throughout the lesson. This keeps the learner focused and aligned with the task purpose. 

  • Use visual aids alongside verbal instructions. This supports retention and caters to different learning styles. 

  • Make clear links to previous learning. This helps the learner build on existing knowledge and make connections. 

  • Explicitly teach how to use memory aids (e.g., times table grids). This equips the learner with tools to support recall. 

  • Use peer support to reinforce learning (e.g., partner check-ins). This encourages collaboration and strengthens understanding. 

Resource Description Pricing Stage
Visual reminders Good practice guideline for Visual supports Free Early Years, Primary
Learning objectives: A teachers guide to effective instruction Advice Sheet Free Primary, Secondary, Post 16
Providing Wait time for students to process and gain confidence Web Page - Research Free Early Years, Primary, Secondary, Post 16
Prior Knowledge and Cognitive Load in Learning Web Page - Research Free Primary, Secondary, Post 16
Adaptive teaching strategies Information page Free Primary, Secondary, Post 16
Visual task list or flow chart Information page Free Early Years